 William Bucklin, who arrived
in 1630 in
the Boston area of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, probably
immigrated from Radipole in the Buckland Ripers area of Dorset, England.
William was a shipbuilder, and knew the Dorset, England coast. |
The outside of the St. Nicholas
Church in Buckland Ripers still looks much as it did in the 17th
century, when William Bucklin left the area to go to New England. |
For those who are intrigued with the origin of William Bucklin being the Buckland Ripers
and Radipole area ---
Buckland Ripers is a small village,
now a score or so of houses, 2 miles south-west of Upwey, west of
Broadwey, about a mile from Radipole, and 4 miles north-west of Weymouth,
in Dorset. Radipole is on the River Wey, about 1½ miles from
Weymouth. The adjacent parishes are: Broadwey, Buckland Ripers, Chickerell,
Wyke Regis, Melcombe Regis and Preston. To the south of Radipole village
is Radipole lake. Until the 19th century the lake was tidal (from the
ocean via the river Wey) and was considerably larger than it is now. There
is archelogical evidence that the Romans used the Radipole area as a ship
port, bring men and supplies to the area.
Regarding the "Buckland - Ripers" village name: The "Buckland" derives from the Old English bocland, meaning 'charter land."
In early England, the theory was that all land was owned by the king, and he
granted a specified "holding" to various nobles, that is: the right to "hold it
for the king" in return for a pledge of loyalty and the furnishing of knights or
other service. In short, "Bocland" indicated (1) a writing, and (2)
payment of a rent of some sort.Buckland-Ripers is an old Manor, associated
with much of the early history of England. Hutchins's History of
Dorset, relates that four Saxon knights owned the Manor in the time of
King (Saint) Edward ‘the Confessor’, i.e., before the Norman invasion by
William the Conqueror.
Before the Normal invasion at least a good third of the land was owned by the
Catholic Church. E.g., the area of present day Radipole was owned by the
Abbey of Cerne.
(1086) Original record or summary of William I the Conqueror's survey of
England. The most remarkable administrative feat of the Middle Ages, the survey
was carried out, against popular resentment, by panels of commissioners who
compiled accounts of the estates of the king and his tenants. As summarized in
the Domesday Book, it now serves as the starting point for the history of most
English towns and villages. Originally called "the description of England," the
name Domesday Book (a reference to doomsday, when people face a final accounting
of their lives) was later popularly attached to it.
The manor of the area now known as Buckland Ripers is mentioned in the Doomsday book of 1086 AD, as part of the
description of what was owned by the wife and sons of the then deceased Hugh FitzGrip.
(The full description of the family lands follows.)
THE WIFE OF HUGH fitzGrip holds MARTINSTOWN of the king. 9 thegns held
it in parage TRE, and it paid geld for 6 hides. There is land for 6 ploughs. In
demesne are 3 hides of this land, and there are 2 ploughs, and 5 slaves; and 17
bordars with 2 ploughs. There is a mill rendering 16d , and 13 acres of meadow,
[and] pasture 9 furlongs long and 8 furlongs wide. It was worth 10l ; now 6l.
William holds FROME WHITFIELD of her. Godric held it TRE, and it paid geld
for 4 hides. There is land for 3 ploughs. In demesne are 2 ploughs, with 1
slave, and 8 bordars and 4 cottars. There is a mill rendering 5s , and 30 acres
of meadow, [and] pasture 4 furlongs long and 2 furlongs wide. It was worth 40s ;
now 4l.
Roger holds 'LITTLE CHESELBOURNE' [in Puddletown] of the same woman. Ælfgar
and Alstan held it TRE, and it paid geld for 2 hides. There is land for 2
ploughs. In demesne is 1 plough, with 6 bordars. There is a mill rendering 30d ,
and 5 acres of meadow and 1 furlong of pasture. It was worth 50s ; now 25s. Hugh
held this land of the Abbot of Abbotsbury, as his men say, but the abbot denies
it.
The woman herself holds BUCKLAND RIPERS. 4 thegns held it in parage TRE, and
it paid geld for 4 hides. There is land for 3 ploughs. In demesne are 2 ploughs,
with 1 slave; and 2 villans and 5 bordars with 1 plough. There is a mill
rendering 20s, and 10 acres of meadow, [and] pasture 15 furlongs long and 1
furlong wide. It was and is worth 100s.
She herself holds WEY [Broadwey or Upwey]. 9 thegns held it in parage TRE,
and it paid geld for 4 hides and 1 virgate of land. There is land for 4 ploughs.
In demesne are 2 ploughs, and 3 slaves, and 6 bordars. There are 3 mills
rendering 35s , and meadow 9 furlongs long and 1 furlong wide, [and] pasture 3
furlongs long and 1 furlong wide. It was worth 6l ; now 100s.
She herself holds WEY [Broadwey or Upwey]. 5 thegns held it freely TRE, and
it paid geld for 6 hides. There is land for 5 ploughs. In demesne are 2 ploughs,
with 1 slave; and 1 villan and 10 bordars with 1 plough. There are 3 mills
rendering 37s6d , and 25 acres of meadow, [and] pasture 20 furlongs long and 3
furlongs wide. It was worth 7l ; now 10l.
AZO holds "WINTREBURNE" of her. Almær held it TRE, and it paid geld for 1
hide. There is land for half a plough. There are 2 bordars, and 1 acre of meadow
and pasture 2 furlongs in length and 1 furlong wide. It is worth 10s.
Hugh and William hold [?] WEST STAFFORD of her. 3 thegns held it in parage
TRE as 2 manors, and it paid geld for 6 hides. There is land for 3 ploughs. In
demesne are 2 ploughs, with 1 slave, and 8 bordars. There are 24 acres of meadow
and 16 furlongs of pasture and 8 acres. It was worth 4l ; now 70s.
The woman herself holds "WINTREBURNE". Alric held it TRE, and it paid geld
for 8 hides. There is land for 4 ploughs. In demesne are 2 ploughs, and 3
slaves; and 3 villans and 5 bordars with half a plough. There are 9 acres of
meadow and 200 acres of pasture. It was and is worth 6l.
William holds MORDEN [Morden and East Morden] of her. Alnoth held it TRE, and
it paid geld for 5 virgates of land. There is land for 1 plough. [...] It was
worth 25s ; now 20s.
She herself holds "WINTREBURNE". 3 thegns held it TRE, and it paid geld for 5
hides. There is land for 3 ploughs. In demesne is 1 plough, and 2 slaves, and 5
villans and 4 bordars. There are 4 acres of meadow and pasture 5 furlongs in
length and as much wide. It was worth 100s ; now 40s.
Ralph holds 1 ½ virgates of land in WINTERBORNE [?Muston] of her. There is
land for 3 oxen. Godwine held it TRE, and it was and is worth 3s.
William holds WIMBORNE [?St Giles] of her. Ealdwine held it TRE, and it paid
geld for 1 hide. There is land for 1 plough. There are 2 bordars, and a third of
a mill rendering 15d. There is pasture 4 furlongs in length and width, [and]
woodland 1 furlong and half a furlong wide. It was worth 20s ; now 5s.
The same William holds HAMPRESTON of her. Æthelweard held it TRE, and it paid
geld for 1 hide. There is land for 1 plough. There is 1 villan and 2 bordars,
and 2 acres of meadow and woodland 1 furlong in length and another in width. It
was and is worth 12s.
William holds BERE REGIS of her. Leomer held it TRE, and it paid geld for
half a hide. There is land for half a plough, which [half-plough] is there, and
a mill rendering 20s , and 1 bordar, and 6 acres of meadow and 6 acres of
pasture. It is worth 30s.
William holds 1 ½ virgates of land of her. It renders 20s.
Walter holds TURNERS PUDDLE of her. Gerling held it TRE, and it paid geld for
6 hides. There is land for 3 ploughs. In demesne are 2 ploughs, and 4 slaves;
and 2 villans and 4 bordars with half a plough. There are 10 acres of meadow and
20 acres of woodland, [and] pasture 12 furlongs long and 6 wide. It was worth 3l
; now 4l.
Hugh holds WINTERBORNE HOUGHTON of her. Wulfgar held it TRE, and it paid geld
for 2 hides and 1 virgate of land. There is land for 1 ½ ploughs. In demesne is
1 plough, with 1 slave; and 2 villans and 2 bordars with half a plough. There
are 14 acres of scrubland pasture 6 furlongs in length and 6 in width. It was
worth 20s ; now 30s.
With this manor the same Hugh holds 1 virgate of land unlawfully which
belongs to William de Moyon.
Hugh holds 1 virgate of land at BRIDGE of the same woman. There is land for 2
oxen, and there is 1 villan. It was and is worth 10s.
William holds [Higher and Lower] STURTHILL of the same woman. Ælfric held it
TRE, and it paid geld for 5 hides. There is land for 4 ploughs. In demesne are 2
ploughs, and 4 slaves; and 2 villans and 4 bordars with 1 ½ ploughs. There is a
mill rendering 6s3d , and 27 acres of meadow, [and] pasture 4 furlongs long and
1 furlong wide. It was worth 4l ; now 100s.
William holds GRASTON of the same woman. Alweard held it TRE, and it paid
geld for 2 ½ hides. There is land for 2 ploughs. In demesne is 1 plough, and 2
slaves; and 1 villan and 8 bordars with half a plough. There is a mill rendering
7s6d , and 16 acres of meadow. It was worth 40s ; now 60s.
Ilbert holds half a hide in FARNHAM of the same woman. There is land for half
a plough, and yet there is 1 plough, and pasture 1 ½ furlongs in length and 1
furlong wide. It is worth 10s. Alwine held this land of the Church of
Shaftesbury and he could not be separated from it.
William holds PUNCKNOWLE of the same woman. Alweard held it TRE, and it paid
geld for 5 hides. There is land for 4 ploughs. In demesne are 2 ploughs, and 4
slaves; and 4 villans and 5 bordars with 2 ploughs. There is a mill rendering
12s6d , and 35 acres of meadow, and 30 acres of woodland 3 furlongs of pasture.
It was worth 60s ; now 100s.
The woman herself holds 2 hides in TATTON which were in the demesne of Cerne
Abbey. TRE 2 thegns held them on lease. Hugh took these despite the abbot. It is
worth 20s. Walter holds 1 hide at MATRAVERS of the same woman. 2 thegns held it
TRE. There is land for 1 plough, which [plough] is there in demesne, with 1
slave and 1 villan and 4 bordars. There are 2 acres of meadow and 30 acres of
pasture. It was worth 20s ; now 30s.
She herself holds half a hide in "TARENTE". There is land for 1 plough. There
is 1 villan and 1 bordar, and 2 acres of meadow and pasture 3 furlongs in length
and 1 furlong wide. It is worth 10s.
Robert holds DURWESTON of the same woman. Ælfric held it TRE, and it paid
geld for 2 hides. There is land for 2 ploughs. In demesne is 1 plough, with 3
bordars. There are 8 acres of meadow, and pasture 4 furlongs in length and 2
furlongs in length [sic]. It was and is worth 40s.
Robert holds QUARLESTON of the same woman. Godwine held it TRE, and it paid
geld for 1 ½ hides. There is land for 1 ½ ploughs. In demesne is 1 plough, with
1 slave, and 4 bordars. There is a mill rendering 5s , 1 ½ furlongs of woodland
pasture 3 furlongs in length and 1 furlong in width. It is worth 30s.
In Quarleston Robert holds 1 hide and 1 virgate of land. In demesne is half a
plough, with 1 bordar. It was worth 25s ; now 20s.
Ralph holds TARRANT [?Rawston] of the same woman. 1 thegn held it TRE, and it
paid geld for 5 hides. There is land for 3 ploughs. In demesne is 1 plough, and
4 slaves; and 2 villans and 4 bordars with 1 plough. There is a mill rendering
30d , and 16 acres of meadow, [and] pasture 3 furlongs long and 2 furlongs wide
and in another place 8 furlongs of pasture. It was worth 100s ; now 4l.
Berold holds TARRANT [?Gunville] of the same woman. 1 thegn held it TRE, and
it paid geld for 1 hide and 3 virgates of land. There is land for 1 ½ ploughs.
There are 3 bordars with 1 slave, and 7 acres of meadow, and pasture 2 furlongs
in length and 2 wide. It was worth 40s ; now 15s.
She herself holds LANGTON HERRING. 1 thegn held it TRE, and it paid geld for
1 ½ hides. There is land for 3 ploughs. In demesne are 2 ploughs, with 1 slave;
and 1 villan and 7 bordars with 1 plough. There are 4 acres of meadow and 40
acres of pasture. It was worth 30s ; now 40s.
Two knights hold half a hide in RUSHTON of the same woman. 3 thegns held it
freely TRE, and it paid geld for as much. There is land for half a plough. There
are 20 acres of meadow and 200 acres of pasture. It is worth 10s.
Hugh holds WEST CHALDON of the same woman. 9 thegns held it in parage TRE,
and it paid geld for 5 hides. There is land for 4 ploughs. In demesne are 2
ploughs, and 2 slaves; and 5 villans and 8 bordars with 2 ploughs. There are 3
acres of meadow, and pasture 7 furlongs in length and 5 furlongs in width. It
was worth 10l ; now 8l.
Hugh holds RINGSTEAD of the same woman. Wulfnoth held it freely TRE, and it
paid geld for 1 hide. There is land for 1 plough. There are 2 villans and 2
bordars, and 8 acres of meadow, and pasture 2 furlongs in length and 1 furlong
in width. It was worth 30s ; now 25s.
Turold holds WARMWELL of the same woman. Almær held it TRE, and it paid geld
for 1 ½ hides. There is land for 2 ploughs, which are there in demesne, and 5
bordars. There is a mill rendering 5s , [and] pasture half a league and 3
furlongs long and 3 furlongs wide. It was worth 30s ; now 40s.
Ralph holds RINGSTEAD of the same woman. Hunwine held it TRE, and it paid
geld for 1 ½ hides. There is land for 2 ploughs. In demesne is 1 plough; and 1
villan and 3 bordars with half a plough, and 4 furlongs of pasture. It is worth
40s.
| The woman herself holds BUCKLAND RIPERS. 4
thegns held it in parage TRE, and it paid geld for 4 hides. There is
land for 3 ploughs. In demesne are 2 ploughs, with 1 slave; and 2
villans and 5 bordars with 1 plough. There is a mill rendering 20s,
and 10 acres of meadow, [and] pasture 15 furlongs long and 1 furlong
wide. It was and is worth 100s. This entry indicates that the land was held by the wife
of Hugh FitzGrip, but during the time before the Norman Invasion of 1066,
the land was held jointly by four thanes of King Enward. Thanes were nobles below the rank of earls
who were local estate owners with at least 5 hides of land and
a residence. Thanes were the backbone of the army of King Edward ---
as Knights were the backbone of the army of King William.
The land of the manor of Bucklin Ripers is described as
being 4 hides. A "hide" is an ancient Old English unit of land
area, dating from perhaps the seventh century. The hide was the
amount of land that could be cultivated by a single plowman and thus
the amount of land necessary to support a family. Depending on local
conditions, this could be as little as 60 acres or as much as 180
acres.. The hide was more or less standardized as 120 acres
after the Norman conquest of 1066. Thus, it would appear that
although that before 1086 it was deemed that there was enough land
to support the families of 4 plowmen, the enlarged Norman "hide"
indicated that there only was enough land for 3 plowmens' families,
and indeed only 3 ploughs were on the manor.
A furlong was generally about what we would describe as the
length of 1/8 of a mile. Thus the description in the Domesday
book of the pasture indicates a rather long and narrow strip of
land.
"Demense" was the part of the lord's manorial lands reserved for
his own use and not allocated to his serfs or freeholder tenants in
return for their service. The suggestion from the compact
description of the Doomsday Book is the freemen on the manor had
about 2/3 of the manor land in exchange for their service. That
brings us to the villans and boardars who seems to have had land for
1 plough.
The "Villan" (aka villein) of Norman times was generally a
freeman of the previous era of the Danish incursions, when freemen
had to "commend" himself to a thegn who pledged him his
protection in consideration of payment in a rendering of labour.
Villans were the most numerous class of the Domesday, Survey,
men who had sunk from freedom and to being bound both to soil
and lord, but as yet preserving much of their older rights,
retaining their cottage or other adjacent land, free as against all
men but their lord, and still sending representatives to
hundred-moot and shire-moot. They stood therefore far above
the "landless man," or slave. The "villein," in the most common
sense of the word, was bound only to gather in his lord's harvest
and to aid in the ploughing and sowing of autumn and Lent.
Also, commonly the cottar and the bordar were bound to help in the
work of the home-farm throughout the year, usually in exchange for
being granted a cottage or the right to live in a cottage.
However, other service could be the price paid by the villan or
bordar. An obvious example is that in Buckland Ripers one of
them might well have been obligated to do the work involved with the
operation of the grain mill on the premises.
The "Cottar" was essentially a villan who owned little land,
perhaps only the cottage he lived in. The bordar was
essentially a villan (that is a freeman) who owned no land but lived
in a cottage. |
After the 1066 conquest Hugh FitzGrip became the
Sheriff of Dorset, with a number of land holdings in Dorset.
It is probable that as part of the army of William the
Conqueror, Hugh Fitzgrip. (Hugh - a man-at-arms, Grip - son of) took
possession of land from church and laity round about. He died before
the returns of the Doomsday Book surveyors were made. His estate
passed to his wife, Margaret, who fought off various claims -
"depredations and injustices" - by the Abbot of Abbotsbury from whom she
allegedly "wrestled it by force!"
The Manor, though never very impressive, in 1086 probably only was the
manor house, the surrounding land, buildings and workers, although
it did include a mill and sufficient pasture for 200 sheep.
The " Ripers" part of the Buckland Ripers manor name is an addition during
the 1200's, an era when holders of Bocland" added their surnames to area
names to distinguish their holdings from those of others. In 1285, the Manor
passed to the the family of de Riuers, also known as de Ripers and also de
Ripariis (meaning "of the River). Thus the "bocland" became Buckland
Ripers.I
By 1310 PETER de MALORE was living in the Manor. He ‘held half a knight’s
fee’ together with ALIANOR de COLBERE, ‘relict of Robert de Colbere’. In other
words – Peter and Robert’s widow held it jointly. (Peter may have been the great
uncle of Thomas Mallory, the author of ‘Morte d’Arthur’.) Peter de Malore built
the manor church and instated the first rector, a John Lawrence.
In the reign of Richard II, 1377, the estate passed to the Framptons.
The Framptons (who became Lords of Moreton) have remained patrons of the church
to the present day.
In the chancel are two gravestones, one for James Frampton, Esqre., who
died in1631, and another for Jane, his former wife. Near the Font is another to
the memory of John Scovil, who died in 1707. These gravestones are now
covered by a tile flooring.
The Framptons can be characterized in the turbulent times of the the early
1600's as loyal nobles of the kings, and as Church of England supporters.
E.g., the Framptons were part of the 2,000 or so assembled to fight for the King
at the battle of Hambleton Hill, in Dorset; and the Framptons included the
Bishop of the Church of England bishopric Gloucester.
During the English Civil War, the Manor, its associated buildings and the
church were partly destroyed about 1610 - 1615, perhaps by Cromwell's army as a
part of his attempt to impair the status of the Church of England, or perhaps as
part of his followers's destruction of property of those loyal to King Edward I.
As noted above, the Framptons have remained to this day as patrons of the
manor church, and in 1655 the Framptons rebuilt the St. Nicholas Church.
Gravestone in the church states: "James Frampton Esq. who began building of
this church, but died before it was finished, was buried July 13, 1655."
In 1704, the Framptons sold the Manor and its demesnes
to Joseph Darner, Joseph Damer, Lord of Milton and Earl of Dorchester.
He gave the Manor to his son John. John married Anne Seymour Conway.
Anne Conway was a sculptress of considerable talent
(notable are a bust of Admiral Nelson (now in the City of London
Guildhall) given by her to Napoleon; and a bust of Queen Caroline whom she
befriended during her the infamous trial following the bogus adultery
charge leveled by King George IV of Great Britain at his wife, when she
refused the King's demand that she renounce her title and live abroad.)
There is a statue of Anne Conway in the British Museum.
In 1790, after the death of her husband, Anne Conway built a new west
wing to the Manor. Subsequently, the Manor passed to her
sister-in-law, Lady Caroline Damer. In 1825, Lady
Caroline Damer sold it The Revd. W. R. H. Churchill (relative of the Duke
of Marlborough and Sir Winston) , in whose family the Manor (although not
the manor house and other various portions of the Manor) still remains.
The Churchills owned the manor house until the late 1800's. It is the
Churchill crest that is over the front door of the manor house.
In the 1900's the Manor and its included properties became fragmented.
Several parts are now in separate ownership and many of the ancillary
buildings have been demolished.
In 1964 ownership of the manor house passed from Canon H W M Hearsey to Mr.
and Mrs. P W Mummery. From 1976 until 2006, the manor house was owned by
Major and Mrs. Derek.
In the 21st Century, Buckland Ripers is deeply wooded,
and the few houses show their early origins. As Eric Ricketts, long
the Dorset County Architect has said:
"To approach and enter Buckland Ripers
on foot [by the public footpaths from Radipole] is seemly, for this is a
precious place and even one car in the deep dell an anachronism."
Eric Ricketts, The Buildings of Old Weymouth, Part Three, p. 63 (1977).
St Nicholas Church. By the kind permission of Peter Walker.
http://www.peterwalker.info/ |
St. Nicholas Church. By the kind permission of
the church.
St. Nicolas Church, immediately next to the Manor
House, has places for 100 person to sit. It's existing written
registers of events only date from 1665. However, various
portions of the early medieval church still exist, for example the
simple hexigonal stone baptistery appears to be of about the 1200 AD
era. |
|
 |
The parish church of St Ann’s, with
the nearby manor house showing on the left of the photo. St.
Ann's is said to be the oldest building in the Weymouth area, dating
from around 1250. The interior was heavily refurbished in the 19th
century. It is a pleasant building, and the churchyard is currently
beautifully maintained. The graveyard
has a possible connection to the Bucklin family. |
I commend to you the poetry of Winifred Margaret Clary. The Clarys held
the
ancient Manor
House of Buckland Ripers from _____ until 2006. She was greatly
interested in the ancient history of Buckland Ripers and its probable early
association with the Roman use of nearby Radipole (then known as "Wey"). Many of
Mrs. Clary's poems evoke well the images of
life in England, especially from the viewpoint of the persons living in the manor house. Here is one of those poems.
The 'Spun Yarn' of Buckland Ripers
'The Roman soldiers, in retreat,
Fled down Buckland Ripers street.'
Here is an intriguing mystery:
Is this gossip fond, or truly history?
The walls of this old house are sound
Deeply founded underground.
'Tis certain some must date before
Cromwell battered down the door.
Edward the Confessor passed
This land to Thanes - to hold it fast
Against Duke William's men: They won
Alas; The Saxon way of life was done.
But did the Saxons find, complete
A hidden fort, by Roman retreat
Abandoned, as they fled this land?
In my bones, this I feel I understand!
Read more of Winifred Margaret Clary's remarkable poetry
